The third largest island in the world accommodates Kalimantan-the Indonesian portion to the South, Sarawak and Sabah Malaysia to the North and East and Brunei on the North Eastern coast. The numerous non-Muslim ethnic groups residing in the interior with their own language and culture are namely the various groups of the Dyak, separating them from the coastal converted Muslims. Borneo’s many rivers are the main source of transportation and for centuries the Dyak have traded forest products to coastal dwellers for Chinese ceramics beads and bronzes while remaining mainly isolated. Dyak rituals required animal sacrifice and among some Dyaks human sacrifice. Headhunting was practiced in warfare. Dragon imagery associated with the lower world inspired Dyak people, known as the “Aso Motif” – it was considered to be protective and associated with fertility and was used prolifically by the ruling classes on brass and bronze jewelry, baby carriers, architecture, clothing, shields, blow guns, swords, coffins, tattoos, masks and warjackets. Mats and hats were also adorned with beads, feathers, human hair, tree bark, animal skins and teeth. |