The Balinese civilization of the late 19th century was a replica of the life of the medieval Hindu-Javanese, before Mohammedanism swept over Java in the 15th century. Bali is unique in preserving the old Hinduist religion which 600 years ago was the faith of all Java and most of Sumatra and dates from 1500 years in the distant past—with it written records start. The performing arts in Java and Bali were and still are extraordinarily varied and rich, reaching great heights of sophistication. The masked dance dates from the 16th century. Namely “Topeng” the mask carved in wood embellished with pigment, gold leaf, horsehair-even jewels. The “Wayang Kulit” a puppet carved from buffalo hide and horn, both performed as entertainment and as a medium for instruction. The rich textile traditions including the Balinese Double Ikat, “Geringsing” and the Javanese Batiks were renowned throughout the region. The amazing abundance of gold and silver bejeweled paraphernalia from the royal courts, offering bowls, the magical Kris (sword) Sirih (Betel) equipment, jewelry fashioned for all parts of the body: head, ears, neck, arms, torso and legs. Intricately carved wood and stone architectural elements and protective spirits are amongst the many wonders of the islands.